英文藥品說(shuō)明書(shū)的寫(xiě)法(轉載)

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題目:英文藥品說(shuō)明書(shū)的寫(xiě)法

  [轉載說(shuō)明:剛接觸醫藥方面的說(shuō)明書(shū)時(shí),如見(jiàn)天書(shū)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。好歹也是學(xué)習英語(yǔ)超過(guò)10年,作為非英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)、該過(guò)的級也過(guò)了。大學(xué)也是以重視英文教學(xué)著(zhù)稱(chēng);心理所受打擊可想而知。借著(zhù)手頭上的醫學(xué)英漢詞典,才能看懂。也明白醫學(xué)和藥學(xué)其實(shí)是很不同的兩塊領(lǐng)域。

   以下的英文藥品說(shuō)書(shū)的寫(xiě)法,是我手頭上能找到的最好的版本說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。不僅幫助我了解藥品說(shuō)明書(shū)、并學(xué)著(zhù)做說(shuō)明書(shū)的中譯英。還幫助理解其它專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)。]

    英文藥品說(shuō)明書(shū)的寫(xiě)法——第一節 藥品名稱(chēng)

    一、進(jìn)口藥英文說(shuō)明書(shū)的結構簡(jiǎn)介

    “藥品說(shuō)明書(shū)”的英文表達方式有Instructons,Directions,Description 現在多用Package Insert,或簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng) Insert,也有用Leeflet或Data Sheets說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。Insert原意為“插入物,插頁(yè)”。藥品說(shuō)明書(shū)即為附在每種藥品包裝盒中的一份用藥說(shuō)明。經(jīng)過(guò)注冊的進(jìn)口藥品一般是國家承認的有效藥物,其說(shuō)明書(shū)是指導醫生與患者合理用藥的重要依據,具有一定的法律效力。

    進(jìn)口藥的英文說(shuō)明書(shū)隨藥品來(lái)源的不同,有以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的國家,也有以英語(yǔ)為外語(yǔ)的國家說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。說(shuō)明書(shū)繁簡(jiǎn)難易不同。短者僅百余詞,長(cháng)者可達上萬(wàn)詞。較簡(jiǎn)單的悅明書(shū)僅介紹成分、適應癥、禁忌癥、用法與用量等內容;較詳盡的說(shuō)明書(shū)中除上述內容外還包括:藥品性狀、藥理作用、臨床藥理、臨床前動(dòng)物試驗、臨床經(jīng)驗、藥代動(dòng)力學(xué)、莊意事項、不良反應或副作用、用藥過(guò)量、藥物的相互作用、警告、有效期、包裝、貯存條件、患者須知及參考文獻等諸多項目。

    為了順利閱讀和正確翻譯進(jìn)口藥英文說(shuō)明書(shū),讀者除應具備較好的英語(yǔ)基礎,掌握一定的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(如醫學(xué)、化學(xué)、藥劑學(xué)、藥理學(xué)、藥物代謝動(dòng)力學(xué)等)外,還應熟悉英文藥品說(shuō)明書(shū)的結構及語(yǔ)言待點(diǎn)等說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。大多數英文說(shuō)明書(shū)都包括以下內容;①藥品名稱(chēng)(Drug NameS),②性狀(Description),③藥理作用(Pharmacological Actions),④適應癥(Indications),⑤禁忌證(Contraindications),⑥用量與用法(DOsage and Administration).⑦不良反應(Adverse Reactions)。⑧注意事項(Precautions),⑨包裝(Package),⑩貯存(Storage),⑾其他項目(Others)。

    現將各項專(zhuān)題的表述方法與翻譯、結構特點(diǎn)、常用詞語(yǔ)及閱讀技巧等分述如下說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

    二、藥品名稱(chēng)(第一節)

  英文藥品說(shuō)明書(shū)中常見(jiàn)的藥品名稱(chēng)有商品名( Trade Name或 Proprietary Name)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,通用名( Generic

  Name)和化學(xué)名(Chemical Name),其中最常見(jiàn)的是商品名說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。例如,日本田邊有限公司生產(chǎn)的熊去氧膽酸

  片,其商品名為 Ursosan(Tablets):通用名為 Ursodesoxycholic Acid(熊去氧膽酸);化學(xué)名為3a,7p dihydroxy-5p-Cholanoic acid(3a,7p二羥基5p膽烷酸)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。有時(shí)同一種藥品,不同的廠(chǎng)家使用不同的商品名稱(chēng)。

  藥品說(shuō)明書(shū)中的標題藥名用其商品名說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。有時(shí)在其右上角(或在上角)有一(R)標記,例如ADRIBLASTNA(R)(阿霉素),TEGRETOL(痛痙寧)。“R”是Register(注冊)的縮寫(xiě),(R)表示該產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)本國的有關(guān)部門(mén)核準.取得了此項專(zhuān)用的注冊商標(Registered Trade Mark)。有時(shí)在商品名之下(或后)又列有通用名或化學(xué)名.例如: Rulide(羅力得)之下列有(Roxithromycin,羅紅霉素): Minipress(脈寧平)之后列有(Praxosin HCI,鹽酸哌唑嗪); Nitro-Dur(護心貼片〕之下又列有( Nitroglycerin,硝酸甘油)。

  藥品名稱(chēng)的翻譯可采用音譯、意譯、音意合譯及諧音譯意等方法說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  1、音譯:按英文藥品名歌的讀音譯成相同或相近的漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。如:Tamoxitn它莫西芬,Ritalin利他林,Am-

  cacin 阿米卡星說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。音譯較為方便,但不能表意。

  2、意譯:按藥品名稱(chēng)所表達的含意譯成相應的漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。例如:cholic Acid 膽酸,Tetracyline四環(huán)素;也可

  按其藥理作用翻譯.如:Minidiab滅糖尿(治療糖尿病藥物),Natulan療治癌(細胞生長(cháng)抑制劑),Uraly消石素(治療尿路結石藥物)等說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  3、音意合譯:藥品名稱(chēng)中的一部分采用音譯說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,另一部分采用意譯.例如:Coumadin香豆定(coumarin香

  豆素),Neo-Octin新握克?。╪eo-新);Medemycin麥迪霉素(-mycin 霉素),Cathinone卡西酮(-one酮)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  4、諧音譯意:以音譯為原則,選用諧音的漢字,既表音,又表意,音意結合說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。例如:Antrenyl安胄靈,Doriden多睡丹,Legalon利肝隆,Webilin胃必靈.商品名稱(chēng)可以這樣翻洋,而法定名稱(chēng)則規定不可以這樣翻譯。

    藥品的化學(xué)名稱(chēng)反映出該藥品的化學(xué)結構組成成分,可借助英漢化學(xué)化工詞典進(jìn)行翻譯說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。如果名稱(chēng)很長(cháng),可以分解開(kāi)來(lái),分別查出各個(gè)組成部分的名稱(chēng),組合而成。例如:Catalin(卡他林)的化學(xué)名稱(chēng)是1-Hvdroxy- 5-oxo-5H-pyrido(3,2-a)-Phenoxazine-3-carboxylic acid,譯成漢語(yǔ)是1-羥基-5-氧-5H-吡啶開(kāi)(3,2-a)吩 嗪-3-羧酸。如能掌握一些常用的酸、堿、鹽、基因、化合物的英文名稱(chēng),以及常用的前綴、后綴等,翻譯時(shí)會(huì )順利得多。例如:chloride氯化物,sulfate(sulphate)硫酸鹽,acetyl一乙?;?,amino氨基,di-二,dihydro-二氫。nitro-硝基,-ester酯,-lactone內酯,-one酮、-oxide氧化物,-urea脲等等.

    為了統一藥品名稱(chēng)的譯名,衛生部藥典委員會(huì )已擬定出原料藥和輔料命名原則,并刊行了;藥名詞匯;一書(shū),可供翻譯英文藥品名稱(chēng)時(shí)參考說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

    第二節 性狀

    許多藥品說(shuō)明書(shū)的第一項是Description(性狀),其原意是“敘述”、“描寫(xiě)”,在藥品說(shuō)明書(shū)及藥典中一般都譯為“性狀”,其內容主要是介紹外觀(guān)、理化性質(zhì)、組成成分、結構、特征等說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。這一項最常用的標題是Description,此外還可能有其他的表示法,如:

  Chemical Structure 化學(xué)結構

  Composition 成分

  Physical and Chemical Properties 理化性質(zhì)

    這一項中的英語(yǔ)詞匯除一部分化學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯外,多為常用詞,借助英漢化學(xué)化工詞典及英漢詞典即可通讀說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  一、本項中常見(jiàn)的句型

  例1.Folic acid is a yellowish to orange, crystalline powder; odourless or almost odourless.

  葉酸是淡黃色至橙色結晶粉沫,無(wú)臭或幾乎無(wú)臭說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例2.Intralipos 10% is a white opaque fat emulsion for intravenous injection, containing 10 W/V % of purified soybean oil.

  脂肪乳劑(10%)是白色,不透明,供靜脈注射用的脂肪乳劑,含有10%(W/V)的精制大豆油說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例3.Ursosan Tablet 50mg is a white plain tablet which contains 50mg of ursodesoxycholic acid.

  熊去氧膽酸片為白色素片,每片含50mg熊去氧膽酸說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例4.Sterile pyrogen-free, orange red, freeze-dried powder in vials containing 10mg and 50mg of doxorubicin hydrochloride with lactose.

 ?。ū酒罚樾∑垦b,滅菌無(wú)熱原,桔紅色凍干粉沫,每小瓶含有10mg或50mg阿霉素鹽酸鹽與乳糖說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例5.It occurs as a white to off-white, crystalline solid, poorly soluble in water, dilute acid and most organic solvents.

  本品(炎痛息康)為白色至類(lèi)白色結晶固體,難溶于水、稀酸及大多數有機溶劑中說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例6.Pamine, chemically known as epoxytropine tropate methylbromide, has the empirical formula C18H24NO4Br and the molecular weight 398.3.

  哌明的化學(xué)名稱(chēng)為環(huán)氧莨菪堿托品酸酯溴代甲烷,實(shí)驗式為C18H24NO4Br,分子量為398.3說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例7.Kanendomycin is a very stable antibiotic, and its activity does not decrease when the powder is placed in an airlight container and kept at room temperatures for more than 2 years.

  卡內多霉素是一種很穩定的抗生素,其粉沫置于密封容器中,在室溫下保存二年以上,活性不減說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例8.This product is prepared from units of human plasma which have been tested and found nonreactive for hepatitis associated (Australia) antigen.

  本品由人血漿制備,此血漿業(yè)經(jīng)檢驗,并且證明對肝炎(澳大利亞)抗原無(wú)反應說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  二、本項中常用的詞語(yǔ)

  1、表示組成、制備的詞及短語(yǔ)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,如:

  be derived from 由……衍生

  consist of 由……組成

  be obtained 制得

  contain 含有

  be prepared from 由……制備

  have (possess) 有(具有)

  2、表示性質(zhì)的一些詞類(lèi)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,如:

  colo(u)r 顏色

  stable 穩定的

  taste 味道

  molecular formular 分子式

  odo(u)rless 無(wú)臭的

  molecular weight 分子量

  crystalline 結晶的

  structure 結構

  solubility 溶解度

  injection 注射劑

  insoluble 不溶的

  solution 溶液

  odo(u)r 氣味

  tablets 片劑

  colo(u)rless 無(wú)色的

  derivative 衍生物

  tasteless 無(wú)味的

  liquid 液體

  sterile 無(wú)菌的

  powder 粉沫

  soluble 可溶的

  solid 固體

  還有許多其他詞匯,不能一一列舉說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。記住這些常用詞對閱讀本項內容大有益處。

  第三節 藥理作用

  有些說(shuō)明書(shū)較詳細地介紹藥品的藥理作用(Pharmacological Actions)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。其內容主要包括藥理作用、臨床藥理(Clinical Parmacology)、體外試驗(in vitro experiments)、藥物代謝(Metabolism)、藥效(Potency)及毒性(Toxicity)等。這一項常用的標題是:

  Pharmacological Action 藥理作用

  Pharmacological Properties 藥理性質(zhì)

  Pharmacology 藥理學(xué)

  Clinical Pharmacology 臨床藥理

  其他的表示方法還有:

  Actions 作用

  Actions and Properties 作用與性質(zhì)

  Clinical Effect (Use) 臨床效果(用途)

  Mechanism of Action 作用機理

  Mode of Action 作用方式

  如果藥品的一種抗生素說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,可能出現:

  Biological Action 生物活性

  Microbiology 微生物學(xué)

  此外,還有一此其他的表示方法,這里不一一列舉說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  這一項目中涉及的詞匯范圍包括藥理學(xué)、生理學(xué)、化學(xué)、毒理學(xué)、微生物學(xué)及醫學(xué)等學(xué)科,專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯多,是較難閱讀的一部分內容,閱讀時(shí)可參閱《英漢醫學(xué)詞匯》、《英漢微生物學(xué)詞匯》及《英漢化學(xué)化工詞匯》等工具書(shū)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。另外,還會(huì )遇到許多縮寫(xiě)詞,如:CNS(中樞神經(jīng)系統)、EEG(腦電圖)、LD50(半數致死劑量)、ECG(心電圖)等,這些縮寫(xiě)詞可在英漢醫學(xué)縮略語(yǔ)詞典中查到。

  一、常見(jiàn)句型舉例

  例1. Mean peek serum concentrations of tobramycin occur between 30 and about 60 minutes after intramuscular administration.

  肌注后約30~50分鐘之間妥布毒素的平均血藥濃度達到高峰說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例2. Nembutal Sodium exerts a depressant action on the CNS and shares the sedative-hypnotic actions typical of the barbiturates.

  戊巴比妥鈉對中樞神經(jīng)系統產(chǎn)生抑制作用,并顯示戊巴比妥類(lèi)特有的鎮靜催眠作用說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例3. In clinical trials the drug was shown to be highly effectinve in improving and normalizing the alterated cerebral circulation and those disorders related to insufficient arterial flow in the limbs.

  臨床試驗證實(shí),本品療效高,可改善已改變了的腦循環(huán),使之恢復正常,治療與四肢動(dòng)脈血流不暢有關(guān)的疾病說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例4. Orbenin is stable to staphylococcal penicillinase, and highly effective against resistant staphylococci.It is bactericidal, acid-stable and well absorbed by either the oral or the intramuscular route.

  全霉林對葡萄球菌的青霉素酶穩定,對耐藥葡萄球菌十分有效說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。本品具殺菌、耐酸作用,且口服或肌注吸收良好。

  例5. Nystain has been found to inhibit the growth of yeast like flora in the intestinal tract.

  已查明制霉菌素在腸道內可抑制菌叢類(lèi)酵母菌的生長(cháng)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例6. Fenarol has proved to be effective as a striated muscle relaxant.

  已證明芬那露是療效很好的橫紋肌松施藥說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例7. Halcion is a potent short-acting hypnotic agent, which produces its hypnotic activity from the first night of administration.

  好而睡是一種強力速效催眠藥,它從服藥后的第一個(gè)夜晚開(kāi)始產(chǎn)生催眠作用說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例8. Therapeutically, ATP injection exhibits effects, especially such as activation of the function and metabolism of the nerve, and also coronary and peripheral vasodilation to increase the blood stream.

  從治療上看,三磷酸腺苷注射劑顯示了非常好的效果,特別是在活化神經(jīng)的功能及代謝,以及舒張冠狀與外周血管以增加血流方面更是如此說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  二、常用詞及短語(yǔ)舉例

  1、動(dòng)詞

  absorb 吸收

  act 作用

  cause (be cause by) 引起(由……引起)

  demonstrate 顯示

  exert (action on) 起……作用

  exhibit 顯示

  inhibit 抑制

  accumulate 積蓄

  administrate 投藥

  excrete 排泄

  result in 導致 indicate 表明

  maintain 維持

  produce 產(chǎn)生

  protect (from) 保護(不變)

  reach 達到

  show 顯示說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,表明

  treat 治療

  metabolize 代謝

  promote 促進(jìn)

  prevent 阻止說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,預防

  tolerate 耐受

  2、形容詞

  (be) active (effective) against 對…有效的

  (be) related to 與……有關(guān)的

  (be) sensitive to 對……敏感的

  resistant to ……有耐藥性的 average 平均的

  minimum 最低(?。┑?/p>

  maximum 最高(大)的

  normal 正常的

  3、名詞

  ability 能力

  activity 活性

  distribution 分布

  excretion 排泄

  action 作用

  clearance 廓清率

  effect on 對…的作用

  function 功能說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,作用

  half life 半衰期

  in vitro 體外 kidney 腎

  mechanism 機理

  serum concentration 血清濃度

  tolerance 耐受性

  infection 感染

  in vivo 體內

  level 水平說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,濃度

  plasm lever 血漿濃度(水平)

  toxicity 毒性

  以上僅舉部分例詞,此外還有許多專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯和基礎詞匯請參閱有關(guān)資料說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  第四節 適應癥

  “適應癥”最常用的有以下幾種表示方法

  Indications適應癥

  Indications and Usage 適應癥與用途

  Major(Principal)Indications 主要適應癥

  Uses用途

  Action and Use作用與用途

  偶爾也會(huì )見(jiàn)到其他的表示方法說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  本項中出現頻率最高的是疾病名稱(chēng)以及微生物(尤其是致病菌)的名稱(chēng)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,如:

  angina pectoris 心絞痛

  cancer癌

  diabetes(mellitus)糖尿病

  hypertension 高血壓

  gram-positive microorganisms(bacteria)革蘭氏陽(yáng)性菌

  virus 病毒

  gram-negative mcroorgansms(bacteria)革蘭氏陰性菌

  E.coli 大腸桿菌

  這些詞匯可借助英漢醫學(xué)詞典進(jìn)行閱讀和翻譯,只要掌握了這些詞意,即可了解本項基本內容說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  一、常見(jiàn)句型

  本項是說(shuō)明書(shū)的重點(diǎn),從句子結構來(lái)分析,大致有以下幾種類(lèi)型說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  1、不完全句結構.僅列出疾病或微生物的名稱(chēng).例如:

  例1、Angina pectoris, Prinzmetal's angina,hypertension

  心絞痛,變異性心絞痛,高血壓說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例 2 The following diseases caused by bacteria including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria such as Staphylococcus說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,Streptcoccus, Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae……

  用于治療由革蘭氏陽(yáng)性和革蘭氏陰性細菌,如葡萄球菌、鏈球菌說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。大腸桿菌、肺炎桿菌……引起的下列疾病……

  2 由For(或In等)引出的短語(yǔ)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,例如:

  例3 For prevention of the advance of cataract.

  用于預防白內障進(jìn)展說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例 4 In the treatment of all forms of pulmonary tubercuosis in association with other antitubercular drugs.

  與其他抗結核藥配伍,治療各種類(lèi)型肺結核說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  3.To+動(dòng)詞原形構成的短語(yǔ)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,如:

  例 5 To prevent the formation of urinary calculi說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,especially in cases where they tend to recur.

  用于預防尿路,特別是易發(fā)部位的結石的形成說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例6 To protect the liver cell during administration of drugs hazardous to the liver.

  在服用對肝臟有危害的藥物期間,用以保護肝細胞說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  4,完整的句子結構或段落說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,有時(shí)結構很復雜;

  例 7 Amikacin is useful in the treatment of infections from Gram-negative sensitive species說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,there included the Pseudomonas species;it may also be useful to treat infections caused by sensitive staphylococci,

  阿米卡星可用于治療革蘭氏陽(yáng)性敏感菌(其中包括假單孢菌)引起的感染,也可用于治療敏感葡萄球菌引起的感染說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例 8 Nebcin is indicated for the treatment of the following infections caused by susceptible microorganisms:

  乃柏欣適用于治療下列由敏感細菌引起的感染:

  例 9 Octinum D has proved effective in the prophylaxis and therapy of disorders arising from spasm of the smooth musculature.

  新握克了已證實(shí)對平滑肌痙攣引起的病癥有預防和治療作用說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例10 Fungizone intravenous is especially intended to treat cryptococcosis……

  注射用凡疾送特別適用于治療隱球菌病說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。…

  例11 Kanamycin is active both in vitro and vivo against Gram-possitive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as acid-fast bacteria

  卡那霉素在體外及體內對革蘭氏陽(yáng)性和革蘭氏陰性菌以及耐酸菌都有效說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例12 Benemid is recommended for the treatmemt of gout and gouty arthritis, and to increase and prolong the plasma concentration of penicillins and cephalosporins during anti-infective therapy.

  丙磺舒被推薦用于治療痛風(fēng)及痛風(fēng)關(guān)節炎,及在強化抗感染治療時(shí)增加并延長(cháng)青霉素類(lèi)及頭孢菌素類(lèi)的血漿濃度說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例 13 Information available at present suggests that Oncovin may be useful either alone or in conjunction with other oncolytic drugs for the treatment of acute leukaemias ……

  據現有資料表明說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,硫酸長(cháng)春新堿可單獨使用,亦可與其他溶瘤細胞藥物合用,以治療急性白血病……

  例14 Adriamycin is frequenly used in combination chemotherapy regiments with other cytotoxyc drugs.

  阿霉素常與其他細胞毒藥物合用于化療方案說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例 15 Concomitant therapy with other calcium antagonists, antihypertensives and alcohol may potentiate the hypotensive action of the drug.

  與其他的鈣桔抗劑、抗高血壓藥物及酒精飲料同時(shí)使用,會(huì )增強本品的降低血壓的作用說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  二、本項中的常用詞及短語(yǔ)舉例

  許多常用詞及疾病名、微生物名詞等與“藥理作用”項類(lèi)同,此外還有以下詞組與短語(yǔ)(例句參見(jiàn)前文)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  be active against對……有效

  be intended to…適用于……

  be administared in …適用于…

  be of value of … 適用于……

  be effective in (for說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,against)…對…有效

  be recommended for 推薦用于……

  be employed to …用于……

  be used to(for說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,as)…用于……

  be helpful in … 用于……

  be useful in … 用于……

  be indicated in(for)…適用于…

  for(in) the treatment(management)of… 用于治療(控制)

  表示與“其他藥物合用”的結構有:

  be associated with

  in association with

  be combined with

  in combination with

  be compatible with

  in connjunction with

  concomitant with

  together with

  第五節 禁忌癥

  本項中最常用的英語(yǔ)表示法是Contraindications,也有用Restrictions on Use(用藥限制)的說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  一、本項中涉及到禁用(或慎用)某些藥物的患者或某種特殊情況說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,例如:

  1、孕婦、妊娠期或哺乳期說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,幼童等:

  pregnant woman 孕婦

  lactation 哺乳期

  in pregnancy 妊娠期

  children under …years of age …歲以下兒童

  the first trimester (3 months) of pregnancy 妊娠期的最初三個(gè)月

  2、患有某些疾病或過(guò)敏的患者說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,如:

  allergic (hypersensitive) to… 對…過(guò)敏的

  allergic (anaphylactic) reaction 過(guò)敏反應

  allegy (hypersensitivity) to… 對…過(guò)敏

  patients with… (who…) 患有…的患者

  二、本項中常出現一些疾病名稱(chēng)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,例如:

  cardiac failure 心力衰竭

  hypertension 高血壓

  cardiac (renal) insufficiency 心(腎)功能不全

  severe hypotension 嚴重低血壓

  impairment of kidney (renal function) 腎功能損傷

  diabetes 糖尿病

  liver (hepatic) damage 肝損傷

  severe anemia 嚴重貧血

  三、常見(jiàn)句型

  1) 省略句型,只列出禁忌對象或疾病名稱(chēng)等說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例1. Pregnacy, allergy to methotrexate, functional disorders of liver and kidneys, diseases of the haematopoietic system (bone marrow hypoplasia, leucopenia, thrombocy - to penia, anaemia), intectious diseases, ulcers of the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract, recent operation wounds.

  孕期,對氨甲葉酸過(guò)敏,肝、腎功能障礙,血液系統疾?。ü撬铏C能減退、白細胞及血小板減少、貧血),傳染病,口腔及胃潰瘍,近期術(shù)后傷口等忌用說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例2. Hypersensitivity to quinoiones, severerenal insufficiency.

  對喹喏酮類(lèi)過(guò)敏,嚴重腎功能不全說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  2) 完整的句子或段落說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。其中常用的結構有:

  contraindications are… 禁忌癥是…

  be contraindicated in (for) … 對…禁忌

  should not be used (employed) in … 不得用于…

  It is advisable to avoid the use of … 建議不用于…

  must not be administered (given) to… 對…不得用藥

  should be used with caution 慎用

  be not recommended for… 最好不用于…

  none reported 未見(jiàn)報道

  not known 不清楚

  還可能有一些其他的結構說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例3. Cetazolin sodium is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to cephalosporin group of antibiotics.

  先鋒5號禁用于已知對頭孢菌素類(lèi)抗生素過(guò)敏的患者說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例4. It is advisable to avoid the use of Aramine with cyclo-propane or halothane anesthesia, unless clinical circumstances demand such use.

  如果不是臨床需要,建議本品不要與環(huán)丙烷或氟溴氯乙烷麻醉劑合用說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例5. Do not take Benemid if prior administration resulted in hypersensitivity Benemid is not recommended for persons with known disorders of the blood or uric acid kidney stones. Do not give Benemid to children under two years of age.

  若以前使用丙磺舒曾引起過(guò)敏反應,則應禁用說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。已知有血液疾患及尿酸性腎結石的患者建議不要使用本品,二歲以下兒童不得服用。

  例6. Phenothiazine compounds should not be used in patients receiving large doses of hypnotics, and should be used, with caution in patients with a history of convulssive disorders, since grand mal convulsions have been known to occur.

  接受大劑量安眠藥的患者不應使用吩噻嗪化合物,對有驚厥病史的患者應慎用,因為已知有發(fā)生過(guò)癲癇大發(fā)作說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例7. Ursosan should not be given to patients suffering from fulminant hepatitis and bile duct obstruction.

  暴發(fā)性肝炎及膽管阻塞患者禁用熊去氧膽酸說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例8. This product is contraindicated in those patients who have shown hypersensitivity to it unless, in the opinion of the physician, the condition requiring treatment is life threatening and amenable only to amphotencin B therapy.

  除非根據醫生的意見(jiàn),認為需要治療的患者的病情危及生命,并且只有兩性霉素治療才可能使其有所改善之外,對本品過(guò)敏的患者禁用本品說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例9. Children under 5 years of age should not be treated with Antistine.

  5歲以下兒童禁用敵胺說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例10. The use of Alexan in nursing mothers is not recommended.

  哺乳期婦女最好不用愛(ài)力生說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例11. Pregnancy: Coumadin is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnat because the drug basses through the placental barrier and may cause fatal hemorrhage to the felus in utero.

  妊娠期禁用:香豆定禁用于孕婦,或可能已懷孕的婦女,因為本品可能穿過(guò)胎盤(pán)屏障,引起子宮內胚胎致命的出血說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  四、在 Restrictions on use 的項目中有時(shí)還有小標題

  Contraindications 禁忌癥

  Precautions (Note) 注意事項

  Warning 警告

  Pregnancy and Lactation 妊娠與哺乳

  第六節 用量與用法

  本項最常用的英語(yǔ)表示法有:

  Dosage and Administration 用(劑)量與用法

  Route of Administration 給藥途徑(用法)

  Administration 用法

  Direction for Use 用法

  Method of (for) Administration 用法

  Application and Dosage 用法與用(劑)量

  Mode of Application 用法

  Dosage 用(劑)量

  How to Use 用法

  Posology 劑量學(xué)

  還可能有其他的表示方法說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  本項也是閱讀的重點(diǎn),讀者必須正確理解本項內容中的給藥對象、給藥方式、劑量及劑量單位、給藥時(shí)間等說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  1、常用表示劑量的術(shù)語(yǔ)

  average dose 平均劑量 minimal (minimum) dose 最小有效量

  daily dose 日劑量(一日量) multiple dose 多劑量

  divided dose 分次劑量 overdose (overdose) 過(guò)量

  fatal (lethal) dose 致死量 single dose 一次劑量

  indicated dose 有效蠐量 standard dose 標準(合適)劑量

  initial (beginning, starting) dose 首次量 suggested (recommended) dose 推薦劑量

  maintenance dose 維持量 therapeutic dose 治療劑量

  maximum dose 最大劑量(極量) usual (normal) dose 常用劑量

  2、常用的劑量單位表示法

  g=gram 克 l=liter (litre) 升

  mg=milligram 毫克 ml=milliliter 毫升

  kg=kilogram 千克 c.c. 毫升

  mcg=microgram 微克 I.U.=international unit 國際單位

  ug 微克 body weight 體重

  per square meter of body surface 每平方米體表面積

  3、每次給藥次數的表示方法

  daily (per day, a day, every day ) 每日

  every …h(huán)ours 每隔…小時(shí)

  intervats of … 每隔…

  once (twice) daily (a day) 每日一(二)次

  every other day 每隔一日

  three times a day (daily) 每日三次

  three times a week 每周三次

  once (twice) a week (weekly) 每周一(二)次

  Divided into … doses 分…次

  in two or three divided doses 分為二或三次(個(gè)劑量)

  例1 Unless other wise prescribed by the physician, the average daily dose is 1 capsule 3 times daily.

  如果醫生不另開(kāi)處方,平均日劑量為每日3次、每次1個(gè)膠襄說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例2 The suggested dose is 10 to 15 mg per kg dody weight daily in 3-4 divided doses orally, taken with meets.

  日劑量最好每公斤體重10-15mg,分3-4次口服,與食物共服說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例3 The initial dosage recommended is 1/2 tablet of Madopa 250 three times daily.

  開(kāi)始劑量最好為每日3次,每次半片美多巴250說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例4 Children: The usual dose is 50 to 100 mg/kg/day total, given in four equally divided and spaced doses.

  兒童:常用總劑量為每日50-100mg/kg體重,均分為四等份,等間隔給藥說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例5 The recommended starting dose is 20mg given as a single daily dose.

  推薦的首劑量為每20mg,一次服用說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  4、給藥對象:最常見(jiàn)的用詞有

  adolescents 青少年 intant(s) 幼兒

  adult(s) 成年人 male 男性

  baby (babies) 嬰兒 newborn baby (babies) 新生兒

  children (child) 兒童 patient(s) 患者說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,病人

  debilitated patients 體弱患者 pediatric 兒科的

  elderly patient(s) 老年患者 pregnant women 孕婦

  female 女性 senile patient(s) 老年患者(病人)

  5、給藥方式的表示法:多用副詞成或介詞短語(yǔ)表示說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,例如:

  intra-arterially 靜脈內給藥 by mouth (OS) 口服

  intragluteally 臀肌內給藥 by phleboclysis 靜脈輸液

  intramuscularly 肌內給藥 by intramuscular (IM) injection 肌肉注射

  intraperitoneally 腹(膜)腔內給藥 by intravenous (IV) injection 靜脈注射

  intrapleurally 胸(膜)腔內給藥 by the intra-articatar administration 關(guān)節內給藥

  intrathecally 鞘內給藥 by the intramuscular administration (route) 肌內給藥

  intravenously 靜脈內給藥 by the intranasal route 鼻內給藥

  locally 局部給藥 orally 口服給藥

  parenterally 腸道外給藥 by the intraperitoneal administration 腹(膜)腔內給藥

  subconjuntivally 結膜下給藥 by the intravenous infusion (perfusion) 靜脈輸注

  subcutaneously 皮下給藥 sublingually 舌下給藥

  submucously 粘膜下給藥 by the intrathecal administration 鞘內給藥

  by aerosol 噴霧給藥 by the subligual administration 舌下給藥

  by drip phleboclysis 點(diǎn)滴靜脈輸液 per rectum 直腸給藥

  by enema 灌腸 per vaginum 陰道給藥

  by lumbar 腰椎給藥 pro recto 直腸給藥

  此外還有許多其他的表示法,不一一列舉說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  6、表示“投藥”的常用動(dòng)詞

  administer (或be administered、give、be given、indicate、be indicated) 給藥、投藥

  use (或be used 、employ、be employed) 用藥

  recommend (be recommended、suggest、be suggested) 推薦給藥

  7、表示不同的用藥方式的動(dòng)詞:

  take 服用 inhale 吸入 apply to 用于、涂于、敷于

  spray 噴霧 inject 注射 swallow 吞服

  例6 …the recommended single dose is 1 ampoule, given subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously.

  建議一次劑量為1安瓶,皮下、肌肉或靜脈注射給藥說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例7 I.M injections should be administered in the amount of 25-50mg daily per kilo of body weight, subdivided into injections every 6-8-12 hours.

  肌肉注射:每日每公斤體重給藥25-50mg,每6-8-12小時(shí)一次說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例8 For adults give intramuscular injection of 400 to 600 mg per day in 2-3 divided doses. For intants give intramuscular injection of 10-20mg/kg per day in two divided doses.

  成年人:肌肉注射,每日400-600mg,分2-3次注射;嬰兒:肌肉注射,每日10-20mg/kg體重,分2次注射說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例9 The tablets (or the syrup) are to be taken during or after a meal with a little liquid.

  片劑(或糖漿)應于食間或飯后用少量液體送服說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例10 Apply the Nitro-Dur system firmly to the skin surface. The Nitro-Dur system may be applied to any convenient skin area, a recommended side of application is the arm or chest.

  把護心貼片緊貼在皮膚表面,護心貼片可貼在任何方便的皮膚區域,最好是貼在手臂或胸部說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例11 In general 1 to 3 metered doses should should be inhaled or sprayed onto or under the tongue at the every oneset of anginal pain.

  一般應在心絞痛開(kāi)始發(fā)作時(shí)就吸入,或向舌上或舌下噴入1-3個(gè)規定的劑量說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  8、其它的短語(yǔ)或句型說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,例如:

  according to 根據 be adjusted 調整 depend on 依據 adapt to 適合說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,修改

  on the basis of 在…基礎上 vary from…to… 變化范圍由…至…說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,因…而異

  range from … to … 變化范圍由…至…

  it is advisable to (it is recommended to、it is suggested to ) 建議…

  例子很多,不一一列舉說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例12 Dosage should be adapted to patients individually, on the basis of periodic tests of glycosuria and blood sugar.

  在周期性檢驗尿糖和血糖的基礎上,調整劑量,使之適用于不同的患者說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例13 It si advisable to initiate therapy with massive doses: 3x2 tablets daily after meals over 2-4 days.

  建議開(kāi)始治療時(shí)采用大劑量,每日劑量為3x2片,飯后服用,持續2-4日說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例14 In severs chronic cases, treatment is started with daily 1 to 2 ampoules of Bilocid and continused with one ampoule every other day, injected slowly by the intravenous route.

  治療嚴重的慢性疾病時(shí),治療從每日1-2支利膽素注射劑開(kāi)始,繼續治療時(shí)每隔一日1安瓶緩慢靜脈注射說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例15 The number of injections required may vary from from patient to patient.

  所需注射次數因患者而異說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例16 The dosage of Glutril must be adjusted by the doctor according to the individual metabolic state.

  格路特利的劑量需由醫生根據每個(gè)患者的代謝狀況調整說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例17 In such instance, it is recommended that the dose be reduced.

  在這種情況下,建議減少劑量說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例18 The maintenance dosage is determined by response of the patient.

  維持劑量視患者對藥物的反應而定說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  從上述例句可見(jiàn),本項中英語(yǔ)的普通詞匯較多,只要有一定的英語(yǔ)基礎均可讀懂,專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯多為醫學(xué)詞匯,可從英漢醫學(xué)詞典中查出說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  第七節 不良反應

  不良反應這一項中包括藥物的副作用、癥狀及體征、毒性作用及耐受力、過(guò)敏反應、停藥等說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。現分述如下:

  1.“不良反應”的常用的英語(yǔ)表示法有:

  Adverse Reaction(s)不良反應 Unwanted(Untoward) Reaction(s)不良反應

  2“副作用”的常用的英語(yǔ)表示法有:

  Side-effect(s) 副作用 Unwanted(Undesirable) Effects 副作用

  Side Reaction(s) 副作用 By-effects 副作用

  3.常見(jiàn)的霉副反應的癥狀及體征的詞語(yǔ)很多說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,但記住下列詞語(yǔ)很有必要:

  allergic (hypersensitive說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,anaphylactic)reaction(s) 過(guò)敏反應

  allergy(hypersensitivity) 過(guò)敏 dizzziness 眩暈

  gastrointestinal tract 胃腸道 fever 發(fā)熱

  local reaction(s) 局部反應 flush 潮紅

  skin reaction(s)皮膚反應 headache 頭痛

  symptom(s)癥狀 nausea 惡心

  systematic 全身的 pruritus 瘙癢

  anorexia 厭食 rash 皮疹

  blood count 白細胞計數 spasm 痙攣

  blood pressure 血壓 thirst 口渴

  coma 昏迷 tiredness 疲倦

  diarrhea 腹瀉 vomiting 嘔吐

  4.“霉性”、“耐受性”的英語(yǔ)表示法:

  toxicity 毒性

  tolerance(tolerability) 耐受力說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,耐藥性

  tolerate(toleration) 耐受

  5.“停藥”的英語(yǔ)表示法舉例:

  abandon 停藥

  discontinue(discontinuance,discontinuation) 停藥說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,中斷(治療)

  cease(cessation)(stop)停藥(停止治療)

  don't use 勿使用(停藥)

  suspend 停藥

  terminate 停止說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,結束

  withdraw(be withdrawn說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,withdrawal)停藥

  6.其他一些常見(jiàn)的基本詞匯及短語(yǔ):

  acute 急性的 control(be controlled)控制

  chronic 慢性的 diminish(reduce說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,reduction)減少

  common 常見(jiàn)的 disappear 消失

  irreversible 不可逆的 encounter 遇到說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,見(jiàn)到

  mild 輕微的 give rise to 產(chǎn)生

  normal 正常的 include 包括

  rare(ly)罕見(jiàn)的(地) lead to 導致

  reverside 可逆的 manifest 表明說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,顯示

  severe 嚴重的 observe(be observed)(被)觀(guān)察到

  temporary 暫時(shí)的 produce 產(chǎn)生

  transient 一過(guò)性的說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,短暫的 react to 對……反應

  appear(develop說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,happen,occur)出現(產(chǎn)生)

  result from 由……引起 be reported (被)報道

  result in 導致 cause (be caused by) (由……)引起

  treat(treatment) 治療

  special care(caution)should be exercised 特別小心(注意)

  例1 Ciprofloxactin is generally well tolerated. The most frequently reported adverse reactions are: nausea, diarrhaea, vomiting, dyspepsia, abdomina pain, headache, restlessness, rash, dizziness and pruritus.

  環(huán)丙沙星一般耐受良好說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。最常報道的副作用有:惡心、腹瀉、嘔吐、消化不良、腹痛、頭痛、不安、皮疹、頭暈及瘙癢。

  例2 Side-effects are rare with slow-K, as any excess potassium is rapidly excreted in the urine.

  施樂(lè )凱的副作用根罕見(jiàn),因為任何過(guò)量的鉀都迅速由尿排出說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例3 At the recommended dosage side-effects e.g. venous irritatiion or hypersensitivity reactions (cutaneous and mucous reactions) are only observed in isolated cases.

  用推薦劑量治療時(shí),僅見(jiàn)個(gè)別的靜脈刺激或過(guò)敏反應(皮膚及粘膜反應)病例說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例4 When adverse reactions occur, they are usually reversible and disappear when the hormone is discontinued.

  當不良反應發(fā)生時(shí),它們往往是可逆的,停用激素后副作用即消失說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例5 The most serious side-effect is damage to the bone marrow. Because of this, the white blood cell count should be controlled often enough druing the treatment.

  最嚴重的副作用是骨髓損害,因此在治療期間,要經(jīng)常監測白細胞計數說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例6 These unwanted effects usually disappear spontaneously after 7-14 days or following a temporary reduction in the dosage.

  這些副作用通常在7-14日之后,或者暫時(shí)降低劑量便自行消失說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例7 With high dosage continuous infusion (more than 200mg/m2/day) over 5 to 7 days, the gastrointestinal complications are more pronounced and can on occasion lead to ileus. All side effects are reversible after cessation of therapy.

  大劑量連續輸注超過(guò) 5~7日(超過(guò) 200mg/m2/日),胃腸道并發(fā)癥更為明顯,偶爾可導致腸梗阻說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。停藥后副作用皆可逆轉。

  例 8 In some patients nausea說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷, dizziness,and vomiting may occur in the first days of treatment but the treatment need not be discontinued for that. In rare cases a decrease of blood pressure may appear for which a blood pressure check-up is recommended in out-patients before the treatment is initiated. If side-effects persist, lower doses should be administered.

  服用本品的頭幾天,有些病人可能會(huì )出現惡心、頭暈和嘔吐,但不必停藥說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。偶有血壓下降的病例,為此,在治療開(kāi)始前建議對門(mén)診患者檢測血壓。若副作用持續不消失,應減少服用劑量。

  例9 Major adverse reactions (much less common than the minor adverse reactions) include inhibition of myelopoiesis, drug fever and hepatitis.

  較重的不良反應(遠不及輕度不良反應常見(jiàn))包括抑制骨髓細胞生成,藥物熱及肝炎說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例10 Side-effects: Loss of appetite and nausea occur in most cases, sometimes with vomiting. These symptoms are usually confined to the first few days of treatment and then tend to disappear.

  副作用:多數病例出現食欲減退、惡心,有時(shí)嘔吐說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。這些癥狀通常發(fā)生在治療的最初幾天,以后逐漸消失。

  第八節 注意事項

  “注意事項”也是藥品說(shuō)明書(shū)中的重要內容之一說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。為了安全用藥,廠(chǎng)商在本項中特別強調應注意的事項,其中主要包括:正確的劑量和用法,超過(guò)劑量時(shí)的應急措施,用藥對象,可能出現的較嚴重的副作用及治療方案,藥物的配伍,藥液的配制、使用及保管等、方面的注意事項。現就本項內容詳細介紹如下:

  1. 本項常用的英語(yǔ)表示法:

  Precaution(s) 注意事項 Special note(caution, precaution)特別注意

  Caution(s) 注意事項 N.B. 注意

  Noto 注意 Warning(s) 警告

  有時(shí)也用:

  Important 重要事項 Important for the patients 患者須知

  2. 本項中常見(jiàn)的檢查項目:

  blood count 血細胞汁數 Kidney (renal) function 腎功能

  blood picture(hemogram) 血象 Liver(hepatic)function 肝功

  blood level 血濃度 serum concentration 血清濃度

  blood pressure 血壓 serum creatinine test 血清肌酸酐檢驗

  clotting time 凝血時(shí)間 urine routine(examination) 尿常規

  creatinine clearance 肌酸酐清除率

  3. 本項的特點(diǎn)是內容長(cháng)短不一,有難有易;詞匯量大,涉及面廣,既有普通詞匯,也有大量的專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯及編寫(xiě)詞說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。許多詞匯、結構和句型可在藥理作用、適應癥、禁忌癥、劑量和用法、副作用,貯藏等項中見(jiàn)到。從英語(yǔ)結構上分析,句型變化較多,長(cháng)句、難句也屢屢出現,是比較難讀的一個(gè)項目。

  例1 Warnings and precautions: Ciprofloxacin should be used with caution in epileptics and patients with a history of CNS disorders and only if the benefits of treatment are considered to outweight the risk of possible CNS side-effects.

  警告和注意事項:癲癇病人及有中樞神經(jīng)系統病史的患者慎用環(huán)丙沙星,僅當認為療效超過(guò)可能產(chǎn)生的中樞神經(jīng)系統副作用的危險時(shí)才可使用說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例2 Ciprofloxacin could result in impainnent of the patients ability to drive or operate machinary, particularly in conjunction with alcohol.

  環(huán)丙沙星能損害人們駕駛汽車(chē)或操縱機器的能力,尤其是在飲酒之后說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例3 Warnings: Vepeside should be administered under the supervision of a qualified physicain experienced in the use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents.

  警告:泛必治應該在使用治療癌癥的化療制劑方面有經(jīng)驗、有資格的醫生的監護下使用說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例4 The most serious risk associated with anticoagulant therapy with sodium warfarin are hemorrhage in any tissue or organ and less frequently, necrosis and/ or gangrene of skin and other tissues. The risk of hermorrhage is related to level of intensity and the duration of anticoagulant therapy.

  用華注林鈉進(jìn)行抗凝治療產(chǎn)生的最嚴重的危險就是組織或器官出血,以及不大常出現的皮膚和其他組織的壞死和(或)壞疽說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。出血的危險與抗凝治療的藥物濃度(水平)及療程長(cháng)短有關(guān)。

  例5 The occurrence of a platelet count below 50,000/mm3 or an absolute neutrophil count below 500/mm3 is an indication to withhold further therapy until the blood counts have sufficiently recovered.

  血小板數低于s0,000/mm3 或絕對中性白細胞數低于500/mm3 ,表明不能繼續使用本品治療,待白細胞計教充分恢復后才能繼續用藥說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例6 Warfarin therapy should be discontinued when warfarin is suspected to be the cause of developing necrosis and heparin therapy may be considered for anticoagulation.

  當懷疑華法林治療引起壞死時(shí),則須停止治療,并且考慮使用肝素治療說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例7 Dosage should be controlled by periodic determinations of prothrombin time(PT) or other suitable coagulation tests.

  必須定期檢查凝血酶原時(shí)間(PT),或做其他相應的凝血試驗來(lái)控制劑量說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例8 Please note Cerebral convulsive disease is regarded as a relative contraindication for examinations in the subarachnoid space. If after careful consideration, these examinations are nevertheless performed, all equipment and medicines necessary to counter any convulsions may occur must be prepared ready for use beforehand.

  請注意:腦驚厥被認為相對禁止進(jìn)行蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔檢查,如經(jīng)謹慎考慮后、仍要進(jìn)行這些檢查時(shí).必須事先備妥應付可能發(fā)生驚厥所需的所有設備與藥品說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例9 Caution must be exercised in the case of hypersensitivity to iodinated contrast media, latent hyperthyroidism and bland nodular goitre.

  對碘造影劑過(guò)敏、隱匿性甲狀腺亢進(jìn)和輕微甲狀腺腫的病例,應慎重說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例10 Caution Alcohol intake may enhance nitrate effects and occasionally induce hypotension with subsequent impairment of reactivity. During the first three months of pregnancy drugs should only be used on the express direction of the attendant physician. Isket spray should not be stored at temperatures above 25說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。C! Temperatures above 40 ℃ are to be be avoided, even for bried periods! Do not force canister open, even when empty!

  注意:飲酒可增強硝酸鹽的作用、偶爾引起低血壓,繼而損害反應力說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。妊娠三個(gè)月時(shí),只有在監護醫生明確指導下才可使用本品。異舒吉噴霧劑的貯存溫度不應超過(guò)25℃!避免超過(guò)40℃。即使短時(shí)間也不可!不要用力開(kāi)罐,即使空罐時(shí)也不可用力開(kāi)!勿使兒童接觸本品

  例11 As with all new drugs說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷, patients should be followed carefully so that any side-effects or unusual manifestations of drug idiosyncrasy may be detected. If any allergic reaction to Keflex occurs, the drug should be discontinued and the patient treated with the usual agents.

  像使用所有新藥一樣,應細心地隨訪(fǎng)患者,以便觀(guān)察任何副作用或藥物特異反應說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。如果出現對頭抱菌素IV的過(guò)敏反應,應停藥,并用常規藥物治療患者。

  例12 In patients with normal renal function, chronic hypercalcemia may be associated with an increase in serum creatinine. While this is usually reversible, It is important in such patients to pay careful attention to those factors which may lead to hypercalcemia.

  對于腎功能正常的患者,慢性高鈣血癥可能與血清肌酸酐增多有關(guān)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。這通常雖然是可逆的,然而對這樣的病人,密切注意可能導致血鈣過(guò)多的各種因素是很重要的。

  例13 Precautions 一Avoid the concomitant use, in the absence of special monitoring laboratory of parameters, of anticoagulants or aspirin. 一Inform the attending physician in the event of bleeding or of the occurence of a hematoma.

  注意事項:在無(wú)化驗室參考指標的專(zhuān)門(mén)監測情況下,避免與抗凝劑或阿司匹林合用說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。如發(fā)生出血或出現血腫,應通知主治醫生。

  例14 Periodical examination of hepatic or renal function and blood picture is desirable since Kedacillin may increase SGOT. SGPT and BUN, and decrease erythrocyte and leucocyte.

  磺芐青霉素鈉可使血清谷-草轉氨酶,血清谷-丙轉氨酶和血液尿素氮增高,使紅細胞和白細胞減少.所以最好要定期檢查肝、腎功能和血象說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例15 N.B.Transference from insuline to Glutril may be attempted in case of maturity-onset diabetes with obesity;dosage is based upon the result of the necessarily frequent metablic tests.

  注意:伴有肥胖癥的成年型糖尿病患者,可試從胰島素改用格路特利治療,劑量應以必須經(jīng)常進(jìn)行的代謝試驗為依據說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  第九節 包 裝

  1“包裝”在英文藥品說(shuō)明書(shū)中的表示法有許多說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,最常用的是Pack(Package)和Supply,例如:

  Pack(s) (Packing(s)) 包裝 Supplys(Supplied) 包裝

  Package(s) 包裝 How Supplied 包裝方式

  Packing for Hospital 醫院用包裝 Method of Supply 包裝方式

  Package Quantitiess( Quantity)包裝量

  此外還有說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,

  Presentation 包裝 Hospital (Size) Packs 醫院用包裝

  Availability 包裝 Trade Packs(Packings) 商品包裝

  Mode(Form)of Issue 包裝

  2 常見(jiàn)的包裝單位(工具)的英語(yǔ)表示法:

  ampoule(s) 安瓿 carton 紙盒

  blister pack(package) 鋁塑包裝(水泡眼包裝)

  pack 包

  blister strip 鋁塑條狀包裝(水泡眼條包裝)

  sheet 張

  bottle 瓶

  strip 條

  box 盒

  tube 管

  canist 罐

  vial 玻璃小瓶

  3 藥物的常見(jiàn)劑型的英語(yǔ)表示法:

  aerosol (spray, inhaler) 氣霧劑 ampoule 針劑

  capsules 膠囊 oral solution 口服液

  coated(-)tablets 包衣片 pill 丸劑

  cream 乳膏 powder 粉劑

  derm TTS 皮膚貼膏 retard capsules (tablets) 緩釋膠囊(片)

  dregees 糖衣丸 scored-tablets 刻(劃)痕片

  drops 滴劑 solution 溶液劑

  emulsion 乳劑栓劑 sugar-coated tablets 糖衣片

  film-coated tablets 薄膜片說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。膜衣片

  suppositories 栓劑

  granule 顆粒 suspension 懸浮劑說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,混懸劑

  injection 注射劑說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,針劑

  sustainedrelease tablets 恒(緩)釋片

  liniment 搽劑 syrup 糖漿

  liquid 液劑 tablets 片劑

  ointment 軟膏

  4 本項的結構特點(diǎn);內容結構簡(jiǎn)單,多為不完全句,或僅僅列出包裝工具、劑型、裝量等,詞匯量容易閱讀說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例1 Presentation 30 capsules.

  包裝:30粒膠囊裝說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例2 Packages:Box containing one 100 mg bottle

  包裝:盒裝,每盒1瓶,每瓶100 mg說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例3 Packing Bottle of 12 capsules 250 mg and 500 mg.Bxo of 12 capsules 250 mg in blister.

  Bottle for pediatri use (granulated): 20 gm granulated contain 1 gm ampicillin, The content of the spoon included in the packing corresponds to 100 mg ampicillin.

  包裝瓶裝12粒膠囊,每粒含量250或500mg說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。盒裝12粒膠囊(水泡眼包裝),每粒含量250mg。瓶裝兒童用顆粒劑:20克顆粒劑每瓶含有 1 g 氨芐青霉素。附在包裝內的一匙的量,相當于1O0 mg 氨芐青霉素。

  例4 Mode of issue Ceopran Is issued in vials containing 250 mg, 500 mg and 1 gram of cephaloridine.

  包裝方式本品小瓶包裝,內裝 250mg、500mg及 1 g 頭抱菌素II說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例5 Trade packs Trade packs containing 50 and 100 sugar coated tablets.

  商品包裝 50 及 100 糖衣片包裝說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例6 Packs(Madopar)250: Cross-scrored tablets each containing 200mg levodopa+50 mg benserazide.

  包裝 美多巴”250”刻痕片,每片含200mg左族多巴50mg羥芐絲肼說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例7 Method of supply Tablets in tubes, each containing 30 tablets. Paint in glass bottles of 24 ml.Meladinine is supplied only on prescription.

  包裝方式 管裝片劑.每管30片說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。玻璃瓶裝搽劑,每瓶24ml。敏白靈只按處方供藥。

  例8 Availability Syrup: Orbenin syrup is available in bottles containing reconstitutable powder for preparing an aqueous solution. When dispensed each 5 ml teaspoonful contains 125mg cloxacillin as the sodium salt.

  包裝 糖漿:全霉林糖漿為瓶裝,內含可供再配制水溶液的粉末說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。配制后的每茶匙5ml藥液中含125ml 鄰氯青霉素鈉鹽,

  例9 How supplied Tablets: Coumadin (crystalline Wartarin Sodium USP), For oral use, single scored imprinted numericallyand Packaged in bottles with potencies and colors as follows:

  包裝 片劑:香豆定(結晶華法林鋼一美國藥典標準)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。供口服。藥片上有一條劃痕,印有數字。瓶裝,效價(jià)及顏色如下:

  例10 Also available in Hospital Unit-Dose blister package of 100.

  也提供醫院用的單位劑量的鋁塑包裝,(每包〕100片裝說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例11 Temaril 250:white, film-coated tablets marked on one side with 250, each tablet containing 291.5mg ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate (equivalent 50 250mg ciprofoxacin).

  替馬利爾25U:白色有刻痕標記的薄膜片,一面刻有“250mg”字樣、每片含 291.5mg 鹽酸環(huán)丙沙星-水合物(相當于250mg環(huán)丙沙星)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例12 Packs Standard packs of 20 dregees Hospital packs of 100,500 and 1000 dregees.

  包裝 標準包裝為20粒糖衣九說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。醫院用包裝為100,500及1000粒糖衣丸。

  例13 Package ouantities Beconase Nasal Spray is a metered-dose aerosolsol with a specially designed nasal applicator. Each canister provides 200 sprays.

  包裝 噴霧劑是一種氣霧劑.配有專(zhuān)門(mén)設計可供鼻用的噴霧器,每罐可噴霧 200次說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  第十節 貯存

  “貯存”的英語(yǔ)常用表示法是Storage說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。本項中常用的一些短語(yǔ)有:

  store (keep) in a cool and dry place 存于于陰涼干燥處

  away from light 避光

  away from children 勿讓兒童接觸

  protect from light (heat) 避光(熱)

  out of (the) reach of children 勿讓兒童觸及

  prevent moisture 防潮

  本項的句子較簡(jiǎn)單多為一簡(jiǎn)單句,其中多為祈使句;用詞也不多說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例1 store medicines carefully. Keep away from children.

  注意保存.勿讓兒童接觸說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例2 Stroe below 25℃ protecting from freezing and light.

  存于25℃以下,防凍,避光說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例3 Validity and storage. The solution will keep for five years if stored at a emperature below +20℃.

  有效期及貯法:放置于20℃以下可保存5年說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例4 Storage instructions: Protect from heat and light.

  貯存方法;避光及防熱貯存說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例5 To be stored in a dry place at a temperature not above 25℃.

  存于不高于25℃的干燥之處說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例6 Do not store the suppositories over 25℃.

  本栓劑不得存于25℃以上的溫度說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例7 store at below 25℃ and protect from moisture說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,

  存于25℃以下,防潮說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例8 The solution should be prepared immediately prior to use, but can be stored at 4℃ or up to one week.

  藥液應在配制后立即使用,但在4℃下可貯存一周說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  有時(shí)也有較復雜的結構說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,或較多的內容,如:

  例9 Ampoules and unopened nasal spray bottles should should be stored in a refrigerator (2—8℃). Onceopened the nasal spray bottle must be kept at room temperature; it should be kept in the upright position and used for a maximum of 4 weeks. Like all drugs說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,Miacalcic should be kept out of reach of children.

  安瓿或未開(kāi)啟的噴霧劑瓶應存于冰箱(2-8℃)中說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。噴霧劑瓶一旦開(kāi)啟。就應于室溫下保存、藥瓶應直立存放,使用時(shí)間最多為4周。與其他藥物一樣,密鈣息應妥善保存,勿讓兒童接觸。

  例10 Protect from light. Store in carton until contents have been used. Store at controlled room temperature(59一86F說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷, 15℃一30℃). Dispense in al tight, light-resistant container as defined in the U.S.P.

  避光保存說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。藥片在使用前于紙盒中保存。在恒溫室溫(59~86F,15℃一30℃)下保存。調劑時(shí),使用美國藥典規定的密閉,避光容器。

  例11 Fungizone intravenous in powder form should be stored in the refrigerator, protected against exposure to light. The concentrate may be stored in the dark, at room temperature for 24 hours, or at refrigeratortemperatures for one week with minimal loss of potency and clarity. Any unused material should then be discarded.

  兩性霉素B粉劑應避光存于冰箱中說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。濃縮液可存于暗處,室溫下可保存Z4小時(shí),或可在冰箱 溫度下保存一周,其效價(jià)及澄明度變化極小。那以后一切尚未用的藥物就應棄之。

  第十一節 其他項目

  上述10項是絕大多數英文藥品說(shuō)明書(shū)中必備項目,但是許多說(shuō)明書(shū)中還常常出現其他一些項目說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。例如:

  1、特點(diǎn)(Characteristics)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,

  2、性質(zhì)(Properties)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,

  3、藥代動(dòng)力學(xué)(Phamacokinetics)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,

  4、用藥過(guò)量(Overdosage)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,

  5、相互作用(Interactions)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,

  6、有效期(Validity)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,

  7、其他可能出現的項目說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  現將各項簡(jiǎn)要分述如下:

  1、Characteristics(特點(diǎn))或Features(特點(diǎn))的主要內容是藥物的藥理作用特點(diǎn)、療效、劑量及藥物代謝等說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。所以本項內的英語(yǔ)詞匯及結構特點(diǎn)與“藥理學(xué)”、“劑量”等項內容相似。

  例1 Characteristics:

  1)Asverin Is an entirely new and patented cough medicine developed by Tanabe's rocess.

  2)Asverin being a non-narcotic, can be used as a common medicine.

  3)Antitussive effect of Asverin is equal to or more powerful than that of codeine.

  4)Asverin is provided with an expectoranting action which has been never found in any conventional antitussitive agents so far available in the market.

  5)Asverin can be administered safely for a long duration without any sideeffect.

  特點(diǎn)1)安嗽靈是一種全新的、獲有專(zhuān)利的用塔那勃氏方法研制的鎮咳藥說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  2)安嗽靈屬非麻醉藥,可作為常用藥使用說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  3)安嗽靈的鎮咳作用相當于或強于可待因說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  4)安嗽靈的祛痰作用是迄今市場(chǎng)上可買(mǎi)到的常用鎮咳藥中前所未有的說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  5)安嗽靈可長(cháng)期服用,既安全又無(wú)副作用說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  2. Properties(Property)(性質(zhì)):本項內容與Characteristics 基本相同說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例2 Methotrexate (MTX) is an antimetabolite of folic acid which has been used for a long time in thechemotherapy of tumours.

  氨甲葉酸(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)MTX)為甲酰四氫葉酸的抗代謝物,長(cháng)期以來(lái)一直用作治療腫瘤的化療藥物說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例3 Unlike nitroglycerine, it is not rapidly inactivated in the liver and a reliable clinical effect can be expected. Toxicity is low-effects are minimal with Motazomin.

  脈心導敏與硝酸甘油不同,在肝臟不能迅速失活,因而可望具有可靠的臨床效果,本品毒性小,副作用極為輕微說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例4 Urgenin acts as an anti-inflammatory, reducing the swelling in the prostatic bladder region caused by general obstruction. It also stimulates the blood circulation in this area and the body's natural defence mechanism.

  護前列腺素具有抗炎作用,能減輕前列腺膀胱區因一般性梗阻引起的腫脹,本品能刺激上述部位的血液循環(huán),并增加機體的自然防御機制說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例5 Medomin induces restorative sleep lasting 6-8 hours. Because it is rapidly and completely broken down in the body, it is unlikely to produce morning hangover and does not cumulate. It retains its full activity even when used repeatedly.

  美多眠可使消除疲勞的睡眠持續6~8小時(shí);由于本品在體內能迅速和完全分解,因而不會(huì )產(chǎn)生清晨的“殘留作用.也沒(méi)有積蓄作用說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。即使經(jīng)常服用,本品仍能保持充分的活性。

  3.Pharmacokinetics(藥物代謝動(dòng)力學(xué)) 的內容王要是代謝(metabolism)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,吸收(absorption),分布與排泄(distribution and elimination)等:

  例6 Ampicillin is stable in the presence of gastic acid and is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (30-60% of a dose being absorbed by this route). Its absorpt-ion, however, is diminished when it is taken fogether with food.

  氨芐青霉素在胃酸中穩定.而且易被胃腸道吸收(30~60%的一次劑量經(jīng)此途徑吸收)然而與食物共服,其吸收減少說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例7 The absolute bioavailability of Miacalic fouowing intramuscular or subcutaneous injection is approximately 70%. Its peak plasma concentration is attained within one hour and it has half-life of elimination of 70-90 minutes.Up to 95% of the dose is excreted via the kidneys, 2% as unchanged drug. The apparent volume of distribution is 0.15~0.31/kg and protein binding 30~40%.

  肌注或者下注射后.密鈣息的絕對生物利用率約為70%說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。1小時(shí)內其血藥濃度可達高峰,其半衰期為 70~90分鐘。高達95%的劑量經(jīng)由腎臟排出,2%以其不變的藥物原型排出。表觀(guān)分布容積為0.15~0.31/kg、蛋白質(zhì)結合率為 30~4C%。

  例8 Midazolam is completely metabolized in the body. The primary metabolite is a-hydroxy-midazolam, which can be traced in the plasma. Immediately after its formation, this active metabolite is conjugated with glucuronic acid(inactlvation)and then eliminated by the kidneys.

  速眠安在體內代謝完全,主要的代謝產(chǎn)物為a-羥基速眠安,可在血漿中查出說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。代謝產(chǎn)物形成后,此活性代謝物便立即與葡萄糖醛酸結合(失活),然后由腎臟排出。

  4. Overdosage(超劑量,藥物過(guò)量)主要介紹用藥過(guò)量所產(chǎn)生的后果(effect),癥狀(signs and symptoms)及處理(treatment)方法說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。其英語(yǔ)詞匯和結構等與“劑量與用法”,“副作用”,“注意事項”等項目中的詞匯和結構相似。

  例9 Overdosage may give rise to the following signs and symptoms: tremor, xcitation, convulsions, changes in blood pressure impairment of consciousness, and coma. EEG and ECG changes may also occur.

  Treatment: Measures to monitor and safeguard vital functions. Administration of diazepam wherenecessary.

  超劑量可能引起下列體征和癥狀:震顫、興奮、痙攣、血壓改變、意識損害及昏迷說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。心電圖和腦電圖也可能發(fā)生改變。

  治療:采取措施監護重要器官的功能說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。必要時(shí)給予安定。

  例10 Manifestations of Halcion overdosage include extensions of its pharmacological activity, namely somnolence and hypnosis. As in all cases of drug overdosage, respiration, pulse, and blood pressure should be monitored and supported by general measures when necessary. Immediate gastric lavage should be performed. Intravenous fluids should be administered and an adequate airway maintained.

  好爾睡服用過(guò)量的表現是其藥理活性的擴展,即嗜睡和催眠說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。像處理所有藥物過(guò)量的病例一樣,必須對呼吸、脈搏和血壓進(jìn)行監測,必要時(shí)采用通用措施,應立即洗胃、靜脈輸液,并保持呼吸道暢通。

  5. Interactions或drug Interactions(相互作用,或藥物的交互作用):本項內容主要是介紹藥物合用時(shí)的注意事項說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例11 Temaril tablets should not be administered with 4 hours of medications containing mgnesium說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,aluminium or iron salts as interference with absorption may occur.

  在使用了含鎂、鋁或鐵鹽的藥物之后的4小時(shí)內不應使用環(huán)丙沙星片劑,因為可能影響吸收說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例12 Simultaneous consumption of alcohol can impair reaction time. e.g. in traffic or during operation of machines. At higher dosage of Elantan 20 wlth simultaneous administration of blood-pressure-lowering medicaments the effect of the latter can be potentiated.

  同時(shí)飲酒可能損害反應時(shí)間,例如駕駛車(chē)輛或操縱機器期間說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。大量服用單硝酸異山梨醇的同時(shí)服用降血壓藥物,可能會(huì )增強后者的藥效。

  例13 Dormicum can enhance the central sedative effect of neuroleptics, tranquitizers, antidepressants, sleep-inducing drugs, analgesics and anesthetics.

  速眠安能增強神經(jīng)抑制劑、安定劑、抗抑郁劑、催眠、鎮靜劑和麻醉劑的中樞神經(jīng)鎮靜作用說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例14 Concomitant treatment with other vasodilators, calcium antagonists, betablockers, diuretics, antihypertensives, tricyclic antidepressants, major tranquilizers, and dihydroergotamine, as well as the consumption of alcohol, may potentiate the blood pressure lowering effect of Nitroderm TTS.

  與其他藥物說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,例如:血管擴張藥、鈣桔抗劑、B-受體阻斷劑、利尿劑、抗高血壓藥、三環(huán)抗抑郁藥、

  強鎮靜劑及二氫麥角胺合用,以及飲酒等,可加強硝酸甘油護心貼膏的降血壓作用說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  6說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。Validity(有效期):藥品的有效期或失效期有以下幾種表示方法:

  validity 有效期 storage life 貯存期

  Expiry(Exp.) date 失效(日)期 Shelf life 貯存期(貯藏期限)

  Expiring 失效期 Stability 穩定性

  Expiration date 失效(日)期

  例15 Expiry: 18 months (Expiry date is printed on the vial label.)

  有效期:18個(gè)月(失效日期印在瓶簽上)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例16 Validity and storage: The solution will keep for five years if stored at a temperature below +20℃

  有效期及貯存法:于20℃以下可保存5年說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  例17 Stability: Cefoperazone is stable at least 24 hours in aqueous solutions, stored at temperature which ranges from 5 to 25℃.The powder form is really effective till the expiry date indicated on packings.

  穩定性:頭孢哌酮存于5~25℃溫度下的穩定性至少可達24小時(shí)說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。木品粉劑的藥效實(shí)際上可保持到包裝上規定的失效日期。

  例18 Stability: See expiry date on the outside of the pack.

  穩定性;見(jiàn)外包裝上的失效日期

  例19 Shelf-life: The drug should not be used after the expiry date(=Exp) printed on pack.

  木品超過(guò)包裝上印刷的有效期后不得使用說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷,

  7. 其他可能出現的項目:

  1) References 參考文獻 Literature 參考文獻

  2) Clinical dtaa 臨床數據

  3) Formula(Formulation) 分子式

  4) Recommendations 建議

  5) Remark(s) 注意 Attention 注意

  6) Tolerance 耐受性

  7) Intormation for the patients 患者須知

  8) Further information 補充資料

  9) Batch No 批號

  10)Made in 由……制造 Produced by 由…生產(chǎn)

  Manufactured(Manfd)by 由…制造

  11)Pharmaceuticala Precautions 藥品的注意事項

  還可能有其他項目.這里不再列舉說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。

  以上是英文藥品說(shuō)明書(shū)中的主要項目的英文標題,不同的表示方法,結構特點(diǎn),常用詞,短語(yǔ)及句型等說(shuō)明書(shū)印刷。掌握這些內容有助于了解英文說(shuō)明書(shū)的脈絡(luò ),但要完全理解說(shuō)明書(shū)的全部?jì)热葸€需要經(jīng)過(guò)一番努力。

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